環境致死因素
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環境致死因素（environmental death）通常是指某些地圖元素導致玩家陣亡，這些地圖元素還會因地圖的不同呈現出不同的特征。環境致死因素甚至能當做武器來使用，一把可以致勝的強大武器，並且它在幾乎所有的地圖中都存在如何合理利用它達到優勢的相關策略。
立即致死因素
以下環境致死因素無視玩家生命值並令玩家直接陣亡，即使是處於像 Bonk! 原子能量飲料和 ÜberCharge 等無敵狀態的玩家也無法倖免（有一種不計算在內）。
圓鋸
圓鋸（Saw blades）是在地圖 Sawmill 釋出時正式亮相的中立物體，之後也有出現在一些社群製作的自訂地圖中，其中最值得注意的是地圖 Trainsawlaser 。圓鋸會在凹槽裡，依照固定的速度來回地移動，並且會立即殺掉不小心接觸到它的任何玩家。一個圓鋸殺掉某人後它的表面會覆上永久的血漬，在新的回合開始之前都會一直存在。
- 有圓鋸的官方地圖：
火車
火車（Trains）是會在地圖中出現的中立物體，並且會在行駛進來的時候輾過任何站在前方的玩家。在火車將要進場的時候，鐵道的兩端通常都會有黃色的警示燈閃爍，如果有玩家在警示燈附近的話，他們會聽到響亮的警鐘聲。火車甚至會在進場後發出響亮的鳴笛聲，這就像是最後一次在警告玩家離開鐵道。遊戲中出現的火車看上去是一輛機車 EMD GP38-2，它也有著極類似南太平洋運輸企業（Southern Pacific）的塗裝。
值得注意的是，火車不會對接觸到它兩側的玩家造成傷害；實際上，玩家甚至能安全地站在火車表面上。最鮮明的實例就是在地圖 Freight 裡時常會出現牽引複數個車廂的火車，充作阻擋玩家前進的障礙。這些車廂有兩種不同的類型：一種是同火車等體積的集裝箱車廂，一種則是允許玩家跳到上面的平板車廂。
還有一種值得注意的火車，是只有在地圖 Frontier 才會出現的「鯉啾啾」（Lil' Chew-Chew），它是一種不尋常的、可以搭乘的彈頭推車。如果護送它的有三名或以上的藍隊隊員，它會用它那致命的鯊魚尖嘴巴，將站在車子前面的任何玩家直接殺掉，無論是紅隊還是藍隊的隊員。
- 有火車的官方地圖：
- Cactus Canyon
- District (在該地圖裡是地鐵)
- Freight
- Frontier （在該地圖裡是推車「鯉啾啾」）
- Snowplow
- Well (控制點模式)
- Well (搶奪情報箱模式)
無底洞
無底洞（Pitfall）是一種常見的環境致死因素，它通常是一個深坑、某些平台的邊界或懸崖等，當玩家跌進這些區域裡就會立即陣亡。通常無底洞包括在地圖邊界的懸崖區域、彈頭車模式地圖裡彈頭車軌道末端的無底洞、在彈頭車爆炸前或爆炸時才開啟的坑洞，以及在一些地圖周遭的各種小型陷阱。
與摔傷不同的是，摔傷造成的傷害以玩家垂直掉落到地平面的距離為比例來計算，而跌落到無底洞造成的傷害則是死亡性的，不論跌落其中的玩家的掉落距離有多少，也不論玩家掉落前站在什麼平面或物體上。無底洞致死的原理是採用 trigger_hurt 設定環境致死區，它會不斷地並迅速地對停留在該區域內的目標造成傷害。
形成一次無底洞致死的判定點或深度上不一定會有可視的平面，也就是說無底洞致死處可以設置在一個不可視的平面上，玩家的屍體、殘骸屍塊、武器、掉落的彈藥通過這個平面後還有可能繼續掉落。
一旦玩家接觸到形成無底洞致死的深度，他們將不會有生還的機會，即使在 ÜberCharge 狀態下也無能為力。某些可以延緩降落的效果（如跳躍或降落傘）在無底洞面前也無法使用，除去某些不可避免的延緩效果，只有在判定為完全可以逃離無底洞的情況下這些效果才會生效。
由於一些關鍵物品掉落到無底洞後不能再被收集，因此它們有著特殊的「待遇」。攜帶情報箱的玩家跌落到無底洞後，情報箱會重置於原處，曼恩對決機器模式裡的炸彈、限時專送模式裡的澳元素情報箱也是一樣的。掉落到無底洞裡的資金會直接歸到玩家收集的資金上。
- 有無底洞的官方地圖：
- Asteroid
- Bigrock
- Cactus Canyon
- Carnival of Carnage
- Coal Town
- DeGroot Keep
- Double Cross
- Doomsday
- Frontier
- Ghost Fort
- Ghost Town
- Gorge Event
- Hellstone
- Helltower
- Hightower
- Hydro (發電廠到雷達區之間存在一個坑洞)
- Lumberyard
- Mann Manor
- Mountain Lab
- Nightfall (只存在於第 3 區域)
- Nucleus
- Offblast
- Pit of Death
- Rottenburg
- Sinshine
- Snowplow
- Snowycoast
- Steel
- Suijin
- hunder Mountain (存在於第 1 和第 3 區域)
- Upward
熔岩
熔岩（Lava）是一種在少數地圖裡出現的環境致死因素，大部分是萬聖節主題的地圖。
地獄熔岩（Infernal Lava）： 如果不是有著流動的熔岩效果，在大部分情況下熔岩和無底洞幾乎無法區分開來。掉落到熔岩裡的玩家會立即陣亡，無論他們掉落的距離有多短。熔岩致死的動作可能與無底洞致死一致，但在特定的地圖裡面也有著不同的動作。
地獄火熔岩（Hellfire Lava）： 在非萬聖節主題的地圖 Hellfire 裡面，熔岩對生命值滿的玩家來說並不是立即致死因素，但數秒後玩家就會馬上陣亡，這給玩家提供使用鈎爪逃離熔岩的機會。地獄火熔岩同樣有著耀斑和火焰球的動態效果，玩家的屍體會有著火效果，有時殺人圖示上還會顯示殺死玩家的是火焰。
- 有熔岩的官方地圖 (不包括萬聖節的無底洞，如地圖 Ghost Fort )：
冥界的水
一旦接觸冥界裡面來自地獄的水將會是致命的；任何玩家碰到它的表面都會立即死亡。 實際上，冥界的水與無底洞的實際效果沒有任何差異，但掉落在冥界的水裡，屍體等物體有著浮動的動態效果。
- 有冥界的水的官方地圖：
彈頭車爆炸
在任何彈頭車模式或彈頭車競賽模式地圖的最終（或唯一）的回合裡，一旦彈頭車接觸到最終檢查點，或接觸後，緊接而來的是彈頭車劇烈的爆炸，靠近它的任何玩家都會立刻死亡。在某些地圖裡到達最終檢查點後會開啟一個佈滿炸藥的坑洞並將彈頭車推進去，這時候跌進這個坑洞就會是一次無底洞致死。
- 有彈頭車爆炸的官方地圖：
- Badwater Basin
- Barnblitz
- Frontier
- Gold Rush
- Hellstone
- Helltower
- Hightower
- Hoodoo
- Nightfall
- Pipeline
- Snowycoast
- Thunder Mountain
- Upward
壓扁
壓扁（Crushing）是一種意指不幸站在兩個堅硬表面之間的任何玩家受到擠壓並直接陣亡的立即致死因素。
地圖 DeGroot Keep 裡的城堡大門會在藍隊佔領控制點 A 和控制點 B 後開啟，而會在藍隊未能在倒計時內佔領最終控制點時再度關起來。如果這時正有玩家站在大門下面，當大門降下或在上昇時靠的太近，他們將會被大門壓死。
地圖 Dustbowl 裡，當藍隊佔領第一個控制點後，the spawn gate in the left spawn leading out to the first control point will crush all players unlucky enough to be caught underneath.
On Doomsday and Carnival of Carnage, the platform that raises the player up to the rocket hatch or ticket lock can crush the player if one is unlucky enough to be standing under it if the Australium or ticket carrier is knocked off, or after the rocket is launched or ticket is captured.
地圖 Egypt ，所有的大門會緩慢地開啟和關閉，但還是有可能會壓死玩家。此外，在第 1 區域紅隊重生室有一個通往控制點 A 的小房間，如果第一個控制點被藍隊佔領後，還在裡面的玩家會被這個房間的兩個大門關在裡面。佔領後的一段時間內，小房間的天花板會開始緩慢下降，並且把困在裡面的不幸玩家全數壓死。
On Hightower and Helltower, if one team can prevent the other from pushing the cart to the top of the Capture platform, the platform will fall down and crush any player below it.
On Carnival of Carnage, if a player walks over the red strongman button, the giant hammer is swung down on top of it, crushing any players too slow to move away in time. The hammer strike also causes a shock wave that launches nearby players into the air, possible causing a death by fall damage.
In Mann vs. Machine, the Tank Robots can crush any players that are unlucky enough to be caught between it and a wall or prop as it turns.
On Snowplow, the large device used to damage the train can crush players standing below it.
- 存在被壓扁可能性的官方地圖：
- Bigrock
- Carnival of Carnage
- Coaltown
- Coaltown Event
- Decoy
- DeGroot Keep
- Doomsday
- Dustbowl (third stage only)
- Egypt
- Helltower
- Hightower
- Mannworks
- Rottenburg
- Snowplow
鍋爐火堆
The cauldron is an environmental hazard specific to Foundry, located next to each team's first spawns. Any player who steps into it will be instantly killed while aesthetically on fire. A player that manages to push an enemy into the cauldron will receive the Terminated, Too achievement.
- Maps with cauldron fires
火箭推進器冒出的煙
The map Doomsday features a path where, at the end of the round, the exhausts of the rocket will push a player into a pit located at the end of the route. A player from the winning team that manages to push an enemy into this pit will receive the Lift-offed achievement.
On Steel, if RED successfully defends point E until the end of the game, the rocket above the final point ignites and kills anyone underneath its exhaust.
- Maps with Rocket exhaust paths
攪碎機
The Grinder is an environmental death that happens when a player gets sucked into a grinding machine. Players killed in this way will cause one of two loud sounds of flesh being crushed to play.
On Mannhattan, this death can also happen to Robots, which causes one of three unique death sounds of grinding metal to play. Additionally, the Manhattan grinder features an inconspicuous banana peel positioned near the machine; stepping on it causes a slipping sound effect and pushes players (and robots) directly into the grinder.
- Maps with Grinders
雷射
Lasers are an environmental death specific to Asteroid that move up and down along a designated path. Players who come into contact with them will let off visible "sparks" and are killed instantly.
These lasers are notably the only instant-kill hazards that can be safely touched while under the effects of an ÜberCharge.
- Maps with Lasers
非立即致死因素
These environmental hazards do not kill players instantly, but can eventually cause environmental death.
火焰
Environmental fire, introduced in Egypt, is different from Flame Thrower fire or other fire damage produced by players, as it doesn't result in an afterburn effect. Instead, environmental fire slowly damages player's health only only as long as the player stands directly in the hazardous zone.
Environmental fire does not ignite Sniper arrows.
- Maps with environmental fires
火焰球
Fireballs, introduced in Hellfire, are rising plumes of Flame that cause fire damage to any player coming in contact with it.
The amount of damage a player receives from a Fireball broadly corresponds to the player's base class health; that is, each player that stands in full contact with the center of the entire plume will lose over half of its health regardless of class. Each class (except Pyro) also suffers brief afterburn from even the slightest contact with the plume.
Fireballs do not ignite Sniper arrows.
- Maps with Fireballs
溺水
玩家待在深水（完全淹沒玩家的水域）中有著約 12s 的時間，假如超過這個時間玩家就會開始窒息。這時玩家如果還是沒有回到水面上的話，畫面會開始閃爍藍色的光，並且會每秒失掉 5 單位的生命值直到溺水死亡為止。玩家回到水面上後，窒息時所喪失的生命值會以每 2s 回復 10 單位的速度補回到玩家上。玩家重新潛到水下會使回復中斷，直到回到水面上才會繼續回復。
- 有深水的官方地圖：
- 2Fort
- 2Fort Invasio
- Asteroid
- Badlands （只存在於競技場模式的地圖）
- Badlands （只存在於山丘之王模式的地圖）
- Carnival of Carnage
- Doomsday
- Freight
- Lakeside
- Moonshine Event
- Nightfall （只存在於第 3 區域）
- Pipeline （只存在於第 3 區域）
- Powerhouse
- Ravine
- Sawmill
- Thunder Mountain （只存在於第 2 區域）
- Well
- Watergate
生命值流失
Health drain is a steady or increasing rate of health loss experienced in one or more specific areas of particular maps. Basic examples are Underworld locations in certain Halloween maps. The effect is also experienced inside the flying saucer in Probed. The drain is a damage-over-time effect similar to the effects of bleeding or afterburn; but, it is neither triggered nor time-limited. Health drain occurs only when a player enters a specific area and continues only as long as the player does not leave the area or until the player is killed.
- Maps with Health drain
- Brimstone (Hell Island)
- Eyeaduct (Underworld: Purgatory only)
- Hellstone (Hell)
- Moonshine Event (Underworld)
- Pit of Death (Underworld)
- Probed (Flying Saucer)
蒸汽
Steam, volcanic gas, or poison gas is a damage-over-time effect introduced on Brimstone. The time and area of effect are indicated by a rising cloud of vapor and fluid splashes (compare with Pumpkin bomb explosion splash). Players that enter the cloud suffer damage-over-time so long as they survive and remain in the cloud.
- Maps with steam
震動
Shake, tremor, or earthquake is a visible and audible cue effect that shakes a player's world view and aim. While the effect causes no direct damage, the effect can be somewhat disorienting and otherwise interferes with a player's ability to attack, defend, and navigate. The effect can serve as a warning of a monster or another effect. The world violently shakes for players as the Horseless Headless Horsemann chases them down. On Eyeaduct, shaking accompanies the spawning of MONOCULUS. Strong shaking is a map-wide cue of the Skeleton King on Helltower, while only very weak tremors warn of a Baby Skeleton spawning nearby. Earthquakes warn of the release of hellish steam on Brimstone.
- Maps with shaking
- Brimstone (Horsemann charging, Skeleton spawnings, Steam release cue)
- Carnival of Carnage (End of play)
- Doomsday (Rocket launch and crash after play)
- Gorge Event (Skeleton spawnings)
- Hellstone (Horsemann charging, Skeleton spawnings)
- Helltower (Map-wide Skeleton King cue)
頭目級角色／活動特定致死因素
These environmental hazards are unique to Halloween event maps.
南瓜炸彈
Pumpkin bombs are special objects found on all Halloween maps except MvM Ghost Town. They are rigged with explosives and detonators visible on their exteriors from certain angles. Additionally, their detonators will occasionally glow.
Once a Pumpkin bomb receives any amount of damage from any source, or is hit by a projectile which would not normally damage anything (for example, the Rocket Jumper's projectiles and Mad Milk), it will trigger an explosion, dealing heavy damage to all players near it. This does not cause instant death; any class with enough health or who is under the effects of invincibility can use these bombs for an explosive jump.
Pumpkin bombs should not be confused with Halloween pumpkins. A simple way to tell them apart is that Pumpkin bombs do not move, whereas Halloween Pumpkins will rotate similar to Health packs or Ammo crates. Pumpkin Bombs will always spawn in the same spots, while Halloween Pumpkins will drop where a player is killed.
Pumpkin bombs should also not be confused with Pumpkin MIRV, a magic spell.
- Maps with pumpkin bombs
- Brimstone
- Carnival of Carnage
- Eyeaduct
- Gorge Event
- Ghost Fort
- Harvest Event
- Hellstone
- Helltower
- Mann Manor
- Moonshine Event
- Pit of Death
- Sinshine
連馬都沒有的無頭騎士
The Horseless Headless Horsemann is an enemy boss that appears in Mann Manor and a few additional maps. As the undead form of Silas Mann, this character rises out of the currently contested control point after a pre-determined amount of time, and proceeds to hunt down and kill players on both teams. Due to his immense size and strength, the Horseless Headless Horsemann deals heavy damage to any player or building that he strikes. He continues his massacre until killed by a player (or players). All kills by the Horsemann count as environmental deaths and trigger the relevant achievements.
On Carnival of Carnage, the Horseless Headless Horsemann appears during the "Bumper Car Soccer" and "Falling Platforms" bumper car duels, wielding a gigantic blood-spattered Necro Smasher. While he can be killed as usual, he is unable to directly damage players, and can only knock players back with his swings in an attempt to send them into the map's Pitfalls.
- Maps that feature the Horseless Headless Horsemann
畸形魔眼
MONOCULUS is a boss that appears in Eyeaduct and a few additional maps, and takes the form of the RED Demoman's missing eye, haunted by the Bombinomicon. MONOCULUS spawns out of the contested control point after a pre-determined amount of time, which also instantly kills any players unfortunate enough to be standing on the point at the time. MONOCULUS spawns on other maps with different triggers. A spawned MONOCULUS proceeds to kill players on both teams using rocket-like eyeball projectiles, which are always critical hits and can kill any class (apart from the Soldier and the Heavy) with a direct hit. Such rockets can be reflected by a Pyro's compression blast. MONOCULUS continues attacking until it is killed or its time is up. Despite naming the killer as MONOCULUS, any death caused by MONOCULUS is classed as environmental.
The boss MONOCULUS should not be confused with "invokum monoculus", the magic spell.
- Maps that feature MONOCULUS
冥界
The Underworld is part of the Halloween-themed map Eyeaduct and is usually only reachable through portals that are created when MONOCULUS teleports or is killed. If the player gets close enough to the portal before it closes, they are restored to full health and transported to one end of a chain of small islands in the Underworld. Players on the islands suffer a health drain similar to bleeding, afterburn, or drowning, which continues as long as they remain there. The damage inflicted per second on each player increases over time, making it impossible for a player to stay in the Underworld indefinitely. Waters of the Underworld are also hazardous, and will kill instantly on contact with a player. The health drain, hazardous waters, and explosion all have the same kill icon.
- Maps that feature the Underworld
冥界寶藏島
Loot Island, while technically part of the Underworld, is slightly different in its hazards. While on Loot Island, players do not suffer the Underworld's constant damage effect, though they can still fall into the water. If players remain on Loot Island for too long, an explosion will engulf the island and instantly kill anyone caught in it.
- Maps that feature Loot Island
- Eyeaduct (Underworld)
- Ghost Fort (Skull Island)
- Helltower (Hell)
- Moonshine Event (Underworld)
魔拉斯莫斯
Merasmus is a boss that appears in Ghost Fort and a few other maps. He is the former roommate of the RED Soldier on a vendetta since the Soldier ruined his home. On Ghost Fort, Merasmus spawns near the control point after a pre-determined amount of time. A spawned Merasmus kills players on both teams using a variety of spells and attacks. Merasmus continues rampaging until he is defeated or his time runs out. Despite naming the killer as Merasmus, any death caused by Merasmus is classed as environmental.
- Maps that feature Merasmus
骷髏人
Skeletons appear in Helltower. They are animated skeletons that can appear in varying circumstances. Green skeletons attack everyone and appear every second Witching Hour (stroke of 12 on the Helltower clock tower), while team-loyal ones can be summoned by Magic spells. They come in different sizes, from tiny ones, medium-sized skeletons which split into smaller ones when killed, to the huge and durable Skeleton King who is guaranteed to drop a rare magic spell upon death. Any death caused by neutral (green) Skeletons is classed as environmental.
- Maps that feature Skeletons
相關成就
偵察兵
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爆破兵
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醫護兵
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2009年萬聖節成就
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地圖 Foundry 成就
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太空成就
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2013年萬聖節成就
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2014年萬聖節成就
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參見
