Scripting

Scripting is the use of configuration files (.cfg) to create new keybinds and aliases automating complex behaviors and console command sequences. Unlike hacking, scripting is built into Team Fortress 2 and is not banned by VAC (Valve Anti-Cheat). Uses of scripting vary from simply binding a key to a command to self-referential loops and nested aliases that redefine one another. Any functionality that can be created with scripting can also be accomplished without it, but scripting allows these functionalities to be used in the heat of battle.

Scripting Commands

The following is a list of commands which have no use apart from scripting; they do not influence gameplay directly.

Bind

The simplest command is the bind command. It will cause a certain key to execute a certain action, whether that action is a setting, a command, or a script.

bind [KEY] [COMMAND]

Quotes can be optionally placed around the key and/or the command. However, the commands will need to have quotes when it has spaces in between the values and the command, so that the console can interpret it as one command. An example would be bind mouse1 "say texthere", where quotes are needed around "say texthere" because of the space between the two phrases.

bind [KEY] "[COMMAND 1];[COMMAND 2];[COMMAND 3]"

Quotes can be optionally placed around the key, but must be present around the commands, as the console will not interpret consceutive commands.

Note: The command

say "Example Text"

is correct, but

bind <KEY> "say "Example Text""

is not. This is because the quotes are misinterpreted, and quotes inside of quotes are unnecessary due to commands automatically stopping at every semicolon.

Binds come in two forms:

bind "e" "Voicemenu 0 0"

This bind will make the player call for a Medic when they press E.

bind "w" "+forward"

This bind will make the player move forward while they have W held down.

Toggle

This command allows a setting to be toggled between two or more values.

toggle "sv_cheats" 0 1

Bindtoggle

This works identically to toggle, but binds it to a key.

bindtoggle o "sv_cheats" 0 1

Note: If no value is specified, toggle and bindtoggle default to switching between 0 and 1.

For both Toggle and Bind toggle, ensure that the values given are outside the inverted commas. ("example" 0 1)

Incrementvar

This allows for variables to be increased or decreased repeatedly by a set amount.

bind MWHEELUP "incrementvar fov_desired 75 90 1"
bind MWHEELDOWN "incrementvar fov_desired 75 90 -1"

This will cause the field of view to increase when scrolling up, and to decrease when scrolling down

Note: Incrementvar will cause the value to wrap around if it gets too large or too small. In this example, once the field of view hits 90, it will drop down to 75, and vice-versa.

Alias

An alias allows multiple commands to be referenced by a single command. This is effectively shorthand, and it is most useful when a series of commands need to be called multiple times.

Note: Alias names cannot contain spaces. They may contain underscores, numbers, and symbols. Alias names are case-sensitive.

alias Call_For_Medic "Voicemenu 0 0"
bind "e" "Call_For_Medic"

This script functions the same with a simple bind, meaning that when the player presses E, they will call for a Medic.

alias "+Diagonal" "+moveleft; +back"
alias "-Diagonal" "-moveleft; -back"
bind "z" "+Diagonal"

This script allows the player to move diagonally. Here, pressing Z will cause the player to move diagonally backward and left.

Warning: The following code will not work!

bind "z" "+moveleft; +back"

Although pressing Z will cause the player to move backward and left, the game engine does not invert the +back command due to it being a second command, and releasing Z will not cause the player to stop backing up.

Exec

This command will execute another file. This means that complex scripts can be stored in other files, so as not to clutter up more general files.

exec autoexec.cfg

This script will execute the player's autoexec script.

Echo

This command will cause text to be printed to the console. This is very useful for debugging.

echo Scripting is; echo very useful

This will print out Scripting is and very useful on two separate lines. This is because a newline is added to the end of any text passed to echo. Spaces are only parsed if they are between words, or if the echoed text is between quotes, as in the next example:

echo " Scripting is very useful.   "

The extra spaces will be printed out, since the string is delimited by quotation marks.

Note: It is not possible to print out the " character, as its meaning will be misinterpreted. However, you can print single quotes: that is, the ' character.

Note: Echo occasionally will misprint strings that are not delimited by quotation marks. As a general rule of thumb, it is better to enclose what you wish to print within quotation marks. It also makes it easier to read for humans.

Wait

This command will make the game wait a given number of frames before executing the next command.

Note: The amount of real time this corresponds to depends on the server's tickrate.

Warning: Wait commands are disabled on certain servers. This will cause certain scripts to fail, and may (in semi-rare cases) cause the game to crash. See Wait Testing for help to protect against this.

echo Why did the chicken cross the road?; wait 66; echo To get to the other side!

This script will wait 66 frames (1 second on most servers) before printing the punchline.

Launch Options

In order to improve or otherwise change your game-play experience, the following launch options can be used. To use them, right-click on Team Fortress 2 in the Steam Library and select "Properties". Then, select "Set Launch Options" and insert your desired commands (note that all launch options contain a "-" before the command, remember to include it):

Resolution

Launch Option: -w # -h #

Description: Replace the hashtag with the number of your desired resolution.

High

Launch Option: -high

Description: This launch option tells your CPU to run the game in High Priority Mode.

Threads

Launch Option: -threads #

Description: To use this launch option, replace the hashtag with the number of threads that your CPU has minus 4. It allows your CPU to run the game using multiple threads. This option isn't needed for a CPU with 4 cores or less.

Mouse Acceleration

Launch Option 1: -noforcemaccel and Launch Option 2: -noforcemspd

Description: Using both of these will remove all mouse acceleration, it's required if you want a guaranteed raw input, which is the best thing.

Launch Video

Launch Option: -novid

Description: This removes the Valve launch-video shown when the game is started, which decreases loading times.

Direct-X

Launch Option: -dxlevel #

Description: On Windows, replace the hashtag with either 80, 81, 90, 95 or 98. The larger the number, the better the graphics will be. Note that a high value on lower-end hardware may lower frames-per-second, and vice versa. On Mac or Linux, 90 or 92 should be used. Using lower number such as 80 will improve frames per second as it disable weapon skin and rank colors.

Windowed Mode

Launch Option 1: -windowed or -sw and Launch Option 2: -noborder

Description: When used together, the game will run in a borderless window. This will increase the game's stability.

List of key names

Hover over a key to see its scripting name.

ESC F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = ← Backspace

Tab ⇆ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] \

⇪ Caps A S D F G H J K L ; ' Enter ↵

Shift Z X C V B N M , . / Shift

Ctrl ⊞ Alt Spacebar ⊞ Alt ≣ Menu Ctrl

PrtScn ScrLk Pause

Insert Home PgUp

Delete End PgDn

↑

← ↓ →


Num	/	*	-
7	8	9	+
4	5	6	+
1	2	3	↵
0		.	↵

Mouse Button	Name of Keybind
Scroll Up	MWHEELUP
Scroll Down	MWHEELDOWN
Left Click	MOUSE1
Right Click	MOUSE2
Wheel Click	MOUSE3
Left Button Click (forward)	MOUSE4
Right Button Click (back)	MOUSE5

Useful commands

Main article: List of TF2 console commands and variables

Disguising

The disguise command takes two arguments, the first being the class and the second being the team.

Class

1. Scout

2. Sniper

3. Soldier

4. Demoman

5. Medic

6. Heavy

7. Pyro

8. Spy

9. Engineer

Team

1. BLU team

2. RED team

-1. Opposite team

-2. Same team

Thus, disguise 5 1 would disguise as a BLU Medic and disguise 7 -2 would disguise as a friendly Pyro.

Note: disguise 8 -2 (Friendly Spy) will cause the player to un-disguise.

Note: Any collection of characters and/or numbers after the class number that are not 1, 2, -1, or -2 will default the disguise to RED team, regardless of the player's current team. For example, disguise 1 3 will disguise the Spy as a RED Scout, but disguise 8 3 will not undisguise a RED Spy.

Buildings

The build and destroy commands each take two arguments, the first being the building and the second being the building type. The second argument is only required if it is not 0, and is currently only used to differentiate between teleporter entrances and exits.

The build command will pull up the blueprint to place a building, with an exception of the Sapper, which is wielded.

build 0 0 will build a Dispenser (Engineer only)

build 1 0 will build a teleporter entrance (Engineer only)

build 1 1 will build a teleporter exit (Engineer only)

build 2 0 will build a Sentry Gun (Engineer only)

build 3 0 will build a Sapper (Spy only)

Similarly, the destroy command will destroy buildings.

destroy 0 0 will destroy a Dispenser (Engineer only)

destroy 1 0 will destroy a teleporter entrance (Engineer only)

destroy 1 1 will destroy a teleporter exit (Engineer only)

destroy 2 0 will destroy a Sentry Gun (Engineer only)

Note: Sappers cannot be destroyed.

It is possible to use the old build commands, which used only one argument.

build 0 will build a Dispenser (Engineer only)

build 1 will build a teleporter entrance (Engineer only)

build 2 will build a Sentry Gun (Engineer only)

build 3 will build a teleporter exit (Engineer only)

build 3 will build a Sapper (Spy only) [deprecated]

Voice Menu

The voicemenu command takes two arguments, the menu number and the command number.

voicemenu 0
0: MEDIC!

1: Thanks!

2: Go! Go! Go!

3: Move Up!

4: Go Left

5: Go Right

6: Yes

7: No

8: Pass To Me!
voicemenu 1
0: Incoming

1: Spy!

2: Sentry Ahead!

3: Teleporter Here

4: Dispenser Here

5: Sentry Here

6: Activate Charge!

7: MEDIC: ÜberCharge Ready

8: Pass To Me!
voicemenu 2
0: Help!

1: Battle Cry

2: Cheers

3: Jeers

4: Positive

5: Negative

6: Nice Shot

7: Good Job

Note: If you wish to display the voicemenu, rather than fire the voicemenu <num> <num> message, the command is voice_menu_<num>: where <num> is a number between 1 and 3, and takes no arguments. For instance, to display the first voicemenu, one would run the command voice_menu_1.

Eureka Teleport

The eureka_teleport can teleport an Engineer holding the Eureka Effect to their spawn or teleporter exit.

eureka_teleport 0 will teleport the player to their spawn
eureka_teleport 1 will teleport the player to their teleporter exit

The player will see "Unknown command" in their console even though the command works.

Assorted

clear will clear the console of any information.
alias will list all currently defined aliases.
fov_desired (75-90) will set the field of view.
viewmodel_fov will set the FOV for weapon models. It ranges by default from 54 to 70.
r_drawviewmodel (0/1) will show (1) or hide (0) weapon models.
lastdisguise will cause the player to re-disguise as their last disguise. (Spy only)
load_itempreset (0-3) will load a particular loadout preset [A, B, C, D].
say "message" will send a message to public chat.
say_team "message" will send a message to team chat.
+taunt will open the player's taunt loadout.
+use_action_slot_item will cause the player to use their action slot item.
volume (0-1) will change the in-game volume.
taunt_by_name (name) will run a specified taunt, given the exact name of a taunt in the player's current taunt loadout, without opening the taunt menu.

Advanced Scripting Techniques

Toggles

It is possible to bind a key to toggle a command which would otherwise be a press and hold command.

bind w toggle
alias toggle "enable"
alias enable "alias toggle disable; +forward"
alias disable "alias toggle enable; -forward"

This script will cause a press of W to keep the player moving forward until W is pressed again.

Key combinations

It is possible to create a script where pressing one button while another is held down will change the action of the first button.

bind e call
alias call Call_For_Medic
alias Call_For_Medic "Voicemenu 0 0"
alias Call_For_Ubercharge "Voicemenu 1 6"

At this point, the script will mean that every time E is pressed, the player will call for a Medic. It also has an unused alias to call for an Ubercharge.

bind shift +toggleState
alias +toggleState "alias call Call_For_Ubercharge"
alias -toggleState "alias call Call_For_Medic"

Now, pressing ⇧ Shift will redirect call to ask for an ubercharge. Releasing ⇧ Shift will make call point back at a Medic call. When ⇧ Shift+E is pressed, the player will call for an Ubercharge, rather than for a Medic.

Wait-testing

Since the wait command is integral to some scripts, it may be necessary to test to see if a server has disabled the command.

alias waitTester "alias waitTest waitPositive; wait; waitTest"
alias wait "alias waitTest waitNegative"
alias waitPositive "echo Wait is enabled on this server.; exec waitPositive.cfg"
alias waitNegative "echo Wait is DISABLED on this server!; exec waitNegative.cfg"
waitTester

This script relies on the fact that if the wait command is disabled on a server, the alias named wait can be defined by the user. Thus, the script creates an alias named waitTest which by default points to waitPositive, but if wait is not allowed (and can thus be defined by the user), will be redirected to waitNegative.

Loops

Warning: Loops which run without a wait command will cause the TF2 client to hang. It is highly suggested to run a looping script only after a wait testing script.

It is generally considered bad form to have one alias point to itself, as although the loop can be broken out of, it cannot be reset. Therefore, looping scripts tend to include two parts to the loop: The part that waits, and the part that loops.

bind g "loopKey"
alias loopKey startLoop
alias startLoop "alias loopKey stopLoop; +attack; alias redirect loop; loop"
alias stopLoop "-attack; alias redirect; alias loopKey startLoop"
alias loop "+left; wait 33; -left; +right; wait 33; -right; redirect"

This script will start looping once G is pressed. It begins by firing, and then switches the player's view back and forth every 33 frames (half of a second on most servers). Pressing G would cause the next iteration of the loop to stop, also stopping the firing.

Sequences

alias +pyrocombo "slot1;+attack;wait 32;slot2"
alias -pyrocombo "-attack;slot1"

This script will create two aliases, one to start a sequence, and one to end it. The sequence will switch to a Pyro's Degreaser and fire for 32 ticks, before switching to the Panic Attack and shooting until the button is no longer held. Sequences can also be made like this:

alias quickscope "slot1;+attack2;wait 32;+attack;wait 16;-attack;-attack2"

This script will create a sequence alias, that once activated will cause the Sniper to quick-scope his Sniper Rifle; by executing the long string of commands called a sequence. Sequences are useful in making scripts, and learning how to make one will help in the long run of scripting.

Cycles

A cycle is usually a longer toggle script where instead of an alias toggling between On and Off, the script can cycle though options 1-3. An important part of a cycle is that is always loops back on itself. So after cycling to "3", the script would always return to "1" as it's next option. An example of this would look somewhat like:

alias "Fov_Cycle" "Fov1"
alias "Fov1" "alias Fov_Cycle Fov2; fov_desired 90"
alias "Fov2" "alias Fov_Cycle Fov3; fov_desired 70"
alias "Fov3" "alias Fov_Cycle Fov1; fov_desired 80"

bind "o" "Fov_Cycle"

This makes it so upon pressing O FOV values switch between 90, 70, and 80.

Selection addons

A selection script is built onto a cycle to make it more intuitive. Selection scripts allow cycling upwards and downwards, ultimately giving more control for selecting which command(s) to run.

alias "CondC_UP" "Cond1"
alias "CondC_DOWN" "Cond5"
alias "ApplyCond" "addcond 49"
alias "Cond1" "alias CondC_UP Cond 2; alias CondC_DOWN Cond5; alias ApplyCond addcond 49"
alias "Cond2" "alias CondC_UP Cond 3; alias CondC_DOWN Cond1; alias ApplyCond addcond 33"
alias "Cond3" "alias CondC_UP Cond 4; alias CondC_DOWN Cond2; alias ApplyCond addcond 72"
alias "Cond4" "alias CondC_UP Cond 5; alias CondC_DOWN Cond3; alias ApplyCond addcond 74"
alias "Cond5" "alias CondC_UP Cond 1; alias CondC_DOWN Cond4; alias ApplyCond addcond 90"

This gives more control in what conditions to add to the player. This also allows for better freedom of selection and ease of use, as it makes possible scrolling through options in the cycle.

Randomization

Randomization in TF2 is a strange and mainly useless thing when it comes to scripting. Due to how most things can't really be effectively used when random, this type of script is very rare and almost never talked about. But, when applied to loops or chat binds, useful results can show

Note: Due to how TF2's scripting works, this section will be considerably long. If you already don't really understand how cycles work, then you most likely won't understand how this works

alias "call" "f1"
alias "cycle" "c2"

alias "c1" "alias cycle c2; alias call f1"
alias "c2" "alias cycle c3; alias call f2"
alias "c3" "alias cycle c4; alias call f3"
alias "c4" "alias cycle c5; alias call f4"
alias "c5" "alias cycle c1; alias call f5"

alias "f1" "say 1"
alias "f2" "say 2"
alias "f3" "say 3"
alias "f4" "say 4"
alias "f5" "say 5"

alias "+w" "+forward; cycle"
alias "-w" "-forward; cycle"
alias "+a" "+moveleft; cycle"
alias "-a" "-moveleft; cycle"
alias "+s" "+back; cycle"
alias "-s" "-back; cycle"
alias "+d" "+moveright; cycle"
alias "-d" "-moveright; cycle"

bind "o" "call"
bind "w" "+w"
bind "a" "+a"
bind "s" "+s"
bind "d" "+d"

Although small, this script is doing a whole bunch of assigning and resigning of alias values. When any of the WASD keys are hit, the cycle command is ran; which moves the cycle command to the next value in the cycle and set the "call" command to a value corresponding to the cycle number. This entire thing works off of the players movement, and only works IF the player is in-fact moving. The limits of this specific randomizer are quite low, but with adding almost all of the other techniques stated here, a much better version of a randomizer can be achieved

Commenting

As scripts get longer, the need for well-named aliases grows. However, it is not always sufficient to explain what an alias does simply by its name. Adding a pair of forward slashes (//) will turn the rest of the line into a comment–it will not execute any actions on the text.

voicemenu 1 6 //Activate Charge!

Since it is not obviously clear what the voice command is, a comment can explain it.

Noteworthy scripts

There are several notable scripts that have affected gameplay. Some of these are patched out, while others remain functional.

Patched scripts

Pistol scripts

Originally, the Pistol could be fired almost as fast as the human hand could press a key. Scripts were created to simulate this rapid pressing by holding down a single key.

August 13, 2009 Patch: The Pistol now fires at a fixed rate, not based on the speed of pressing the fire button.

Chargin' Targe turn scripts

Originally, the keyboard commands to turn left and right were not treated the same as the mouse commands. The Chargin' Targe was the first weapon to create a restriction on how quickly a player could turn, therefore Valve put a limit on mouse turn-speed, yet forgot to apply the same restriction to the keyboard command that resulted in the same action. Scripts were created to rebind the turning controls when a player charged, circumventing this restriction.

June 23, 2011 Patch: Fixed an exploit with the Chargin' Targe that allowed greater turning control than intended.

Air crouching scripts

Originally, players could crouch as many times as they liked in a single jump. By binding a script to crouch and uncrouch as rapidly as possible, the engine could be exploited to make it difficult to properly register shots on jumping targets.

March 6, 2009 Patch: Players can now only duck twice in the air.

Idling Scripts

Most servers seek to prevent players idling for drops. Players can try to outsmart these systems with scripts that simulate basic movement.

An Active Solution to an Idle Threat requires players to accept a pop-up notification in order to continue to get drops.

Current Scripts

Weapon Viewmodel Hiding Scripts

There are a large number of scripts which toggle the weapon viewmodel depending on which weapon slot is selected for a class. Players often make their viewmodels invisible to clear up the screen, but make items like melee weapons, PDAs, watches, and so forth visible because these models indicate important information. For example, the Spy relies heavily on his viewmodel to determine when he is cloaked, when his Cloak is disturbed, and when the Dead Ringer activates. Other classes use the melee animations to judge when their attacks will hit.

Weapon Zoom Scripts

By changing your FOV, this script creates the visual effect of zooming in with whatever weapon the user is holding. It can usually be toggled between a zoomed and normal (unzoomed) version.

Sentry Jumping Scripts

Since the Engineer Update, Engineers have been able to pack up and carry their Sentry Guns. Simultaneously introduced in the update, the Wrangler allows Engineers to Sentry jump with their Sentry rockets. With extremely fast inputs, it was discovered that a player could Sentry jump and successfully pack up their Sentry before they were launched away.

While a human can repeat this feat, it is difficult. Some players made scripts which could reliably execute the commands in the right order at the right speed allowing them to make a Sentry jump while carrying their Sentry every time.

Note: The Rescue Ranger can circumvent this necessity, as it can pick up buildings at range for 100 metal.

Gunslinger Scripts

Since it can be troublesome to destroy then rebuild a Combat Mini-Sentry in the heat of battle through the PDA, some players have scripted the destruction and rebuilding of their Combat Mini-Sentry with the click of one or two buttons. Such a script is especially useful when using the Frontier Justice, as the player gains practically instant access to revenge crits when needed.

Sensitivity and Control scripts

Some players prefer different mouse sensitivities and control schemes for some classes. For example, changing from the Medic, which doesn't require fine aiming, to the Sniper, which encourages high precision headshots, a player may wish to change their mouse sensitivity. These scripts alter control schemes and mouse settings on a per class, or even per weapon, basis.

Charge Dash Scripts

Since timing a charge and jump can be difficult, some players may use a quick script that binds the two actions to a button so that the charge dash will cover the maximum amount of distance possible. The player is still required to swing their melee weapon normally to end the charge though.

Quickscope Scripts

Many players find it difficult to scope in and fire straight after to get a quick headshot. There are scripts that will zoom in and fire just by clicking one button. This does require players to aim outside of the scope, though.

Rocket Jump Scripts

In order to Rocket Jump to a maximum height or distance, it is required that the player jumps, crouches, and fires their rocket at roughly the same time. This can be easily scripted to occur with the press of a button.

Auto-Disguise Scripts

For Spies who find manually disguising to be a hassle, this script automatically disguises as a chosen class after the player attacks with any weapon. Auto-disguise can usually be toggled and customized to choose a disguise to use.

ÜberCharge Broadcasting Scripts

With this script, activating ÜberCharge as Medic will also write a custom message in team chat to alert your teammates about your activation, in order to encourage your team to push ahead with you. A similar script, upon activation, plays the "ÜberCharge Ready" voice command while writing in team chat that you faked your Über to fool the enemy team.

Medic Radar

This script only works for Medic as it basically lets you press a button to temporarily set the autocall percentage to a very high number, making it so you see teammates locations.

Kill-Bind Scripts

In certain circumstances, such as when cornered by a Medic wielding the Ubersaw, it can be beneficial for a class to be able to kill themselves quickly (in this case, to deny the Medic Über) with a key bind (for example, bind k kill). Although mostly only relevant in competitive play, there are occasional uses in public servers, sometimes for comedic effect instead of to benefit gameplay.

Null-Cancelling Movement Scripts

In stock TF2, pressing two opposing movement keys at once (such as "A" (+moveleft) and "D" (+moveright)) will cancel all movement and render the player immobile, which can be a fatal mistake during battle. This script makes it so that the direction of the last key pressed will be used instead. For example, pressing "A" will make the player go left, and pressing "D" while still holding "A" will make the player go right instead of stopping.

Chat Bind Scripts

These scripts can vary from something serious such as a bind to tell a team that their Medic has popped an Ubercharge, to something for posting a Lenny face in chat when dominating someone. Another variation on this is a trade offer bind, where it sends information to the chat about a possible trade offer. This type of script can be automated to send these offers every couple of minutes.

Notes

Each config file is limited to one mebibyte (1.04858 megabytes) of information, though this restriction can be circumvented by exec-ing another config file at the end of the first.

External links

Hundreds of scripting examples on Gamebanana

Website dedicated to Team Fortress 2 configuration