Bots

A Soldier bot in action on the Dustbowl Training map.

This page is about computer-controlled players in the game Team Fortress 2. For bots in Team Fortress Classic, see Bots (Classic). For bots on the Team Fortress Wiki, see Category:User bots. For robots introduced in the Mann vs. Machine update, see Robots. For other uses, see Robot.

“

Human teammates might judge you, but will these soulless automatons? YES. They're not blind. But they ARE mute, so your incompetence is a secret they will take to their grave. — The Soldier

”

A Bot or BOT is a computer-controlled player on a server. There are two types of bots in Team Fortress 2: AI bots and Puppet bots. AI bots are coded with sophisticated artificial intelligence designed to emulate player actions in game, and can be used without enabling cheats. Puppet bots have no AI coding, but are useful for testing and training. Puppet bots require the server to have cheats enabled, which also disables achievements.

AI bots

AI bots are designed to emulate human players and are not directly controlled. Additionally, their classes are chosen at random. They use sophisticated AI code based on the PlayerBot and Infected AI featured in the Left 4 Dead series. AI bots do not require the server to have cheats enabled; therefore, achievements are enabled while playing with them. There is one exception, however; Bots do not see Deathcam shots when killed; therefore, a player cannot attain Deathcam-related achievements. Also, killing a bot with a Strange weapon will not increase the weapon's kill count, unless the weapon has a Strange Part: Robots Destroyed applied to it, in which case, the kill will be added to the Strange Part and not the main counter.

AI bots come in four skill levels ranging from easy to expert. Sigsegv has compiled detailed explanation on the skill differences.

AI bots can be indirectly controlled to an extent:

• Any friendly and enemy bot that the player focuses on with their crosshair during setup time will taunt.
• A friendly Medic bot will heal a player if they utilize the "Medic!" voice command.
• If a Medic bot is healing and has an ÜberCharge ready, using the voice commands "Go go go!" or "Activate Charge!" will cause the bot to immediately activate his ÜberCharge.
• A Medic bot with an ÜberCharge ready will immediately activate the charge if he or the healing target gets hurt significantly.
• Bots will attempt to join teammates performing a partner taunt (e.g. the High Five) or a group taunt (e.g. the Conga).

Current AI bot status

AI bots are fully released^{[citation needed]}. Currently, all classes are working properly due to the Hatless Update, including the once-buggy Spy. AI bots only work properly for most official King of the Hill maps, some Payload maps, Attack/Defend maps Dustbowl and Gorge, Capture the Flag maps, and Mann Manor (on the latter two, bots can only be added by using the tf_bot_add command that can only be used after activating sv_cheats 1 in console). The use of AI bots on non-supported maps is possible by following certain steps; however, they will not emulate human players as well.

Bots will not work properly on any PLR map as they either can't jump over the railings on Hightower or get stuck in a random corner in spawn; and bots have a dance party on any other PLR map (this may change in the future).^{[citation needed]}

Note: A pack of pre-made bot meshes has been compiled for many popular maps.

AI bot names

The AI bots are programmed to have different names, with many of their names being references to Team Fortress 2, Valve's other works, and computer programming. Many of these names have been requested on the Steam forums.

A Professional With Standards AimBot AmNot Aperture Science Prototype XR7 Archimedes! BeepBeepBoop Big Mean Muther Hubbard Black Mesa BoomerBile Cannon Fodder CEDA Chell Chucklenuts Companion Cube Crazed Gunman CreditToTeam CRITRAWKETS Crowbar CryBaby CrySomeMore C++ DeadHead Delicious Cake Divide by Zero Dog Force of Nature Freakin' Unbelievable Gentlemanne of Leisure GENTLE MANNE of LEISURE

GLaDOS Glorified Toaster with Legs Grim Bloody Fable GutsAndGlory! Hat-Wearing MAN Headful of Eyeballs Herr Doktor HI THERE Hostage Humans Are Weak H@XX0RZ I LIVE! It's Filthy in There! IvanTheSpaceBiker Kaboom! Kill Me LOS LOS LOS Maggot Mann Co. Me Mega Baboon Mentlegen MindlessElectrons MoreGun Nobody Nom Nom Nom NotMe Numnutz One-Man Cheeseburger Apocalypse

Poopy Joe Pow! RageQuit Ribs Grow Back Saxton Hale Screamin' Eagles SMELLY UNFORTUNATE SomeDude Someone Else Soulless Still Alive TAAAAANK! Target Practice ThatGuy The Administrator The Combine The Freeman The G-Man THEM Tiny Baby Man Totally Not A Bot trigger_hurt WITCH ZAWMBEEZ Ze Ubermensch Zepheniah Mann 0xDEADBEEF 10001011101

Unused bot names

The following bot names were found in a leaked source code version of TF2, containing bot names that were never put into production for unknown reasons.

• John Spartan
• Leeloo Dallas Multipass
• Sho'nuff
• Bruce Leroy
• CAN YOUUUUUUUUU DIG IT?!?!?!?!
• Big Gulp, Huh?
• Stupid Hot Dog
• I'm your huckleberry
• The Crocketeer

AI bots names can also be customized by a player by typing in, for example, tf_bot_add heavyweapons blue "Blu Hoovy"; this example would put a BLU Heavy on the BLU team with the name "Blu Hoovy".

Using bots on unsupported maps

See also: Navigation Meshes on the Valve Developer Community

1. Nav mesh editing requires cheats enabled, so type "sv_cheats 1" in the console.
2. Build the initial nav mesh using the "nav_generate" command.
3. Wait while the game generates AI paths, progress is tracked in the console.
4. Map will reload.
5. Optionally tweak the generated nav mesh to add missing data and remove erroneous data. Use "nav_edit 1" to enter nav mesh editing mode.
6. Reload/Restart the server (optional, but if it is not done, then achievements will be disabled).
7. Open console and type "tf_bot_add <number>" as above to add bots.

WARNING: The game is likely to crash if you edit the navigation mesh with bots enabled.

Bots can be used on any map on which the above steps have been performed without having to repeat them, except for entering the "tf_bot_add <number>" command each time bots need to be added.

Bots work best on Control Points, King of the Hill, Payload, and Capture the Flag maps. On Mannpower maps, they will treat it as Capture the Flag, but be unable to use Grappling Hooks and cannot intelligently use the Powerups they walk over.

Maps with official bot support

• Dustbowl
• Turbine
• Mann Manor
• Foundry (CP)
• Badlands (CP)
• Badlands (KOTH)
• Lakeside
• Granary (CP)
• Vanguard
• Gullywash
• Nucleus (KOTH)
• Sawmill (KOTH)
• Snakewater
• Viaduct
• Process
• Metalworks
• Badwater Basin
• Sunshine
• Gold Rush
• Swiftwater
• Hoodoo
• Thunder Mountain
• Upward
• Gorge
• Barnblitz
• Kong King

Maps with no official bot support

Complete list (may need updating):

• Hydro
• DeGroot Keep
• Hightower
• Frontier
• Pipeline
• Steel
• 2Fort
• 2Fort Invasion
• Double Cross
• Landfall
• Sawmill (CTF)
• Well (CTF)
• 5Gorge
• Coldfront
• Fastlane
• Freight
• Powerhouse
• Sinshine
• Well
• Yukon
• Egypt
• Gorge Event
• Gravel Pit
• Junction
• Mercenary Park
• Mossrock
• Mountain Lab
• Snowplow
• Steel
• Standin
• Borneo
• Brimstone
• Cactus Canyon
• Enclosure
• Frontier
• Hellstone
• Snowycoast
• Swiftwater
• Banana Bay
• Helltower
• Hightower
• Nightfall
• Pipeline
• Badlands (Arena)
• Byre
• Granary (Arena)
• Lumberyard
• Nucleus (Arena)
• Offblast
• Ravine
• Sawmill
• Watchtower
• Well (Arena)
• Brazil
• Eyeaduct
• Ghost Fort
• Harvest
• Harvest Event
• Highpass
• Lazarus
• Maple Ridge Event
• Moonshine Event
• Probed
• Suijin
• Carnival of Carnage
• Doomsday
• Cloak
• Bigrock
• Coal Town
• Decoy
• Ghost Town
• Mannhattan
• Mannworks
• Rottenburg
• Asteroid
• Foundry (CTF)
• Gorge (CTF)
• Hellfire
• Thunder Mountain
• Brickyard
• District
• Timberlodge
• Pit of Death
• Watergate

AI bot behavior

• Bots currently only use the default loadout (although they can be given non-Stock weapons with a custom mod/plugin).
• Bots on Easy difficulty will rarely, if ever, use any weapon other than their primary weapon. Bots on higher difficulties will switch to and use their secondary weapon as soon as the ammunition of their primary weapon is spent.
• Spy and Sniper bots do not appear on Easy mode; they will only appear on Normal mode and beyond.
• Bots currently cannot execute special jumps (such as rocket jumps) or haul buildings.
• If a bot kills a player, they roll a chance to taunt immediately after, and if it succeeds, they will taunt even if they are under enemy fire. This behavior applies to Robots in Mann vs. Machine mode.
• Spy bots (and players) are properly ignored by other bots while disguised. However, upon 'touching' any enemy bot, sapping, shooting, or Cloaking, all other bots who see it happen will declare the bot/player a Spy and won't forget who they are until they change disguises while unseen or until the bot(s) who declared them a Spy dies or feigns death with the Dead Ringer.
• Pyro bots will use the compression blast against projectiles and opponents with unusual frequency if on difficulties other than Easy.
• Medic bots will usually heal all other classes before Snipers (and to a lesser extent Engineers) even if the "Medic!" voice command is used.
• Medic bots tend to favor Heavies, Soldiers, Demomen, and Pyros, if being played by a human. If a no human player is one of these classes, they are not likely to be pocketed.
• A Medic bot with an ÜberCharge ready will immediately activate the charge if he gets hurt. This behavior is used by Über Medics in Mann vs. Machine mode.
• If a disguised Spy bot, on Expert difficulty, sees enemy Spies cloak, he will be able to follow them while they are invisible regardless of whether their Cloak is blinking or not.
• Bots do not attack during setup time unless they are attacked first (with the exception of Demoman bots planting stickybombs).
• Engineer bots do not upgrade (or even remove Sappers from) their Teleporters, and sometimes don't repair their Sentry Guns even when they're not under fire.
• Engineer bots will never repair or upgrade a friendly Engineer bot's building, unless that building is in the way of the Engineer's target.
• Bots, excluding Engineers, Snipers, and Spies, will stay in their spawn positions on setup when attacking in a Attack/Defend map or a Payload map.
• Spy bots, when spotted by another bot (possibly player), will not attempt to backstab and will instead switch to their Revolver and shoot while retreating.
• Demoman bots, once they know where a Sentry Gun is (usually after dying to one), will be able to stand out of range of the sentry and perfectly aim and time their stickybomb charges to land precisely where the Sentry Gun is. Walls and ceilings may occasionally get in the way of the stickybombs' flight path, though.

Bugs

• Bots may try to walk/shoot through unmovable objects such as walls.
• Whenever a player/bot cloaks/decloaks or disguises/undisguises, the bots will 'see' players who are behind them and turn around, even if out of the bot's field of view. Note that this isn't due to any sounds made by the player (footsteps, miscellaneous weapon noises, etc.).
• Though rarely, bots may stand inside one another during usage of an Engineer's Teleporter, and get stuck (can't move).
• When bots use voice commands (such as "Spy!" and "Move Up!"), text versions of the voice commands do not display.
• A Medic bot who is healing a player will not avoid enemy fire or collect health pickups, even if he is at critically low health.
• Bots are able to move while taunting, making the Holiday Punch ineffective.
• Recently attacked Medic bots will often fail to use their Syringe Gun to deal with enemies at non-melee range, instead switching to their Bonesaw, or even to their Medi Gun on extremely rare occasions.
• Medic bots will fail to lead their aim or to compensate for gravity while firing the Syringe Gun. This may be due to the Syringe Gun not being properly identified as a non-hitscan weapon in the bot AI code.
• Engineer bots can stand inside their own buildings.
• Spy bots are able to see and follow cloaked Spies (AI or player) should one give himself away, regardless of difficulty level.
• Even if a Spy is disguised as a class of his team (player only, as bots will never do this), enemies will still point him out as a Spy should he bump into an enemy.
• Bots abide by Auto-balance rules. To be able to spawn bots on a specific team, you must set mp_teams_unbalance_limit to 0.
• Engineer bots may ignore their buildings until they're destroyed.
• Heavy bots will sometimes try to fire their Minigun even when out of ammo. (Although it seems to occur abundantly when the bot difficulty is set below Advanced)
• Medic bots on the losing team will occasionally commit suicide during Humiliation when there are no enemies nearby. Players are unable to do the same, even using commands.
• Setting the loadout menu's preview to BLU will cause RED bots to appear BLU.
• Currently, bots do not work on the following types of game modes or maps, even with a generated navigation mesh. (Spies and Snipers may work, though.)
  • Arena Mode NOTE
  • Payload Race
  • Mann Vs. Machine NOTE
  • Special Delivery
  • Robot Destruction
  • Cactus Canyon NOTE
  • Mannpower NOTE
  • PASS Time NOTE
  • Player Destruction NOTE
  • Snowycoast NOTE
• Bots that have their Melee weapons out will occasionally not switch to their other weapons, even if they pick up ammo.
  • This can be fixed by either killing them or just randomly.
• After the Jungle Inferno Update bots spawned with specific parameters (example:tf_bot_add 5 pyro blue normal) will die in their spawnrooms. This can be prevented with the command: tf_bot_reevaluate_class_in_spawnroom 0, which requires setting sv_cheats to 1.

AI bot commands

For a more comprehensive list of commands, see the Valve list of TF2 console commands and variables.

To use AI bots on supported maps, the server administrator should type the following commands into the console (some may require sv_cheats to be set to 1):

Command	Description
tf_bot_add	This command will create one or more AI bots of random classes on random teams. They will also be assigned random names from a default set. Syntax tf_bot_add [<count>] [<class>] [<team>] [<difficulty>] [<name>] Parameters <count> Specifies the number of bots to spawn. If omitted, one bot is spawned. Trying to create bots beyond maxplayers will fail with an error message in the console. If mp_team_unbalance_limit is too low, adding more bots onto one team may still result in autobalancing to even out team numbers. <class> The classname of the class can be Demoman, Engineer, HeavyWeapons, Medic, Pyro, Scout, Soldier, Sniper, or Spy <team> Specifies the team name to assign the bot, where team can be red or blue. <difficulty> Sets the difficulty level for the bot, where difficulty can be easy, normal, hard, or expert. <name> Sets the connecting bot's name. Example tf_bot_add 3 heavyweapons red easy will add three Heavies to the RED team at the easy skill level.
tf_bot_difficulty	Defines the skill of bots joining the game. Syntax tf_bot_difficulty <level> Parameters <level> Sets the difficulty level for the bots. Values are: 0=easy, 1=normal, 2=hard, 3=expert. Default is "Normal" (1). Example tf_bot_difficulty 2 will set all bots created after this command to "Hard" difficulty.
tf_bot_fire_weapon_allowed	Determines whether bots should fire weapons. If disabled, bots can still use certain non-damaging weapons such as the Medi Gun. As one exception, though, Medic bots will still fire their Syringe Gun. Additionally, Demoman bots will still be able to detonate existing stickies, but will not place any more. Syntax tf_bot_fire_weapon_allowed <integer> Parameters <integer> Either 1 or 0. Default is 1 (enabled). Example tf_bot_fire_weapon_allowed 0 will result in bots not using their weapons, with a few exceptions.
tf_bot_force_class	If set to a class name, all TFBots will respawn as that class. Syntax tf_bot_force_class <class> Parameters <class> The classname of the class can be Demoman, Engineer, HeavyWeapons, Medic, Pyro, Scout, Soldier, Sniper, or Spy. Default is "" (aka blank). Example tf_bot_force_class medic will make all TFBots respawn as Medic.
tf_bot_force_jump	If enabled, forces bots to repeatedly jump over and over. Syntax tf_bot_force_jump <integer> Parameters <integer> Either 1 or 0. Default is 0 (disabled). Example tf_bot_force_jump 1 will force AI bots to repeatedly jump.
tf_bot_join_after_player	If nonzero, bots wait until a player joins before entering the game. This only applies to quota spawned bots. Syntax tf_bot_join_after_player <integer> Parameters <integer> Either 1 or 0. Default is 1 (enabled). Example tf_bot_join_after_player 0 will make TFBots join the game when added even if no players are on a team.
tf_bot_keep_class_after_death	If zero, bots will always respawn as a different class. Syntax tf_bot_keep_class_after_death <integer> Parameters <integer> Either 1 or 0. Default is 0 (disabled). Example tf_bot_keep_class_after_death 1 will prevent TFBots from changing class.
tf_bot_kick	This command will remove one or all AI bots. Syntax tf_bot_kick <name/all> Parameters <name/all> Specifies the name of bot to remove or all. Example tf_bot_kick CEDA will kick the TFBot named "CEDA" if one exists. Like tf_bot_kill, quotation marks will be needed to kick bots with names that consist of 2 or more words, such as tf_bot_kick "Black Mesa" to kick the TFBot named "Black Mesa".
tf_bot_kill	This command will kill one or all AI bots. Syntax tf_bot_kill <name/all> Parameters <name/all> Specifies the name of bot to kill or all. Example tf_bot_kill CEDA will kill the TFBot named "CEDA" if one exists. Quotation marks will be needed to kill bots with names that consist of 2 or more words, such as tf_bot_kill "Black Mesa" to kill the TFBot named "Black Mesa".
tf_bot_melee_only	Determines whether a bot should only use melee weapons or not. Syntax tf_bot_melee_only <integer> Parameters <integer> Either 1 or 0. Default is 0 (disabled). Example tf_bot_melee_only 1 will have bots using only melee weapons.
tf_bot_prefix_name_with_difficulty	If nonzero, append the skill level of the bot to the bot's name Syntax tf_bot_prefix_name_with_difficulty <integer> Parameters <integer> Either 1 or 0. Default is 0 (disabled). Example tf_bot_prefix_name_with_difficulty 1 will cause added bots to have names like "1 Aimbot" (normal) and "3 Saxton Hale" (expert).
tf_bot_quota	Determines the total number of TFBots in the game. Only has effect if tf_bot_quota_mode = "fill" or "match". Syntax tf_bot_quota <integer> Parameters <integer> Whole number between 0 and how many players the server can hold. Default is 0. Example tf_bot_quota 2, if tf_bot_quota_mode = match, will add two bots to the server for every one human.
tf_bot_quota_mode	Determines the type of quota. Syntax tf_bot_quota_mode<normal/fill/match> Parameters normal/fill/match If 'normal', the server will never add/remove TFBots without explicit commands and bot_quota has no effect. If 'fill', the server will adjust bots to keep N players in the game, where N is bot_quota. If 'match', the server will maintain a 1:N ratio of humans to bots, where N is bot_quota. Example tf_bot_quota_mode fill will always keep (bot_quota - # of human players) bots in the game.
tf_bot_taunt_victim_chance	Determines how often a Bot will taunt a human victim. Syntax tf_bot_taunt_victim_chance <integer> Parameters <integer> Whole number between 0 and 100. Default is 20. Examples tf_bot_taunt_victim_chance 0 Bots will never taunt after killing a human player. tf_bot_taunt_victim_chance 100 Bots will always taunt after killing a human player.
tf_bot_warp_team_to_me	Teleports your team's bots to your position. Requires sv_cheats 1. Syntax tf_bot_warp_team_to_me Parameters N/A

Third-Party Bots

As of now, there is only one other bot that is still being developed for TF2: RCBot2. The bot was created and is being maintained by Cheeseh, and the website can be found here: http://rcbot.bots-united.com/.

Players can also try [APG] Foundation's Nightly builds which are updated and enhanced to work on those TF2 latest updates that would corrupt the bots. However it will take some work and finding the new hookinfo for the bots to function. Be sure to use Hookinfo tool and report on any bugs using this Nightly version:-

https://github.com/APGRoboCop/rcbot2

The bots run on a waypoint system and must be manually setup by a player instead of typing a command. RCbots are their own separate bot, so they can be used alongside the regular TFBots if one so chooses. Some features of the bot that have been noted include:

• Soldier bots can rocket jump and Demoman bots can sticky jump (provided that the map has waypoints for them).
• Engineer bots now work properly on CTF and other maps.
• Bots can use custom loadouts such as The Huntsman and Bonk! Atomic Punch.
• Bots can "spycheck". If a Spy is disguised as one of the bots, and the bot who they are disguised as sees them, the bot will attack on sight.
• Bots can use voice commands properly. Text will appear in the chat unlike TFBots.
• Bots can be on the defending team in Mann VS Machine, but are unable to purchase upgrades.
• If playing on a CP map, the bots will "mess around" until the round starts. They will randomly hit players with their Melee weapon and spam voice commands, similar to many human players.
• Engineers can move their buildings after a set amount of time.
• Bots have profiles which can customize certain aspects of the bot, such as aiming skill, courage, etc.
• Engineer bots can help out friendly Engineers by upgrading friendly Sentry Guns (if they are finished upgrading their own first) and removing any Sappers on them.
• If bots are targeted by a sentry and escape, they will use the voice command "Sentry Ahead" similar to human players.
• Engineer bots will upgrade their Teleporter and put them where Teleporter waypoints are.
• Enemy Medics will sometimes heal disguised enemy Spies.
• If a Spy bot is approaching an enemy, and said enemy turns around, the Spy bot will move away until the enemy turns back.
• Scouts can double jump, but require waypoints for them similar to Soldiers and Demomen.
• Scouts can intelligently use the Bonk! Atomic Punch, retreating, using the drink, and pushing forward.
• Medics will now heal any class if their health is low, although Heavies and Soldiers are still prioritized.
• Bots will no longer instantly attack a Spy who has backstabbed another player. The bot must have seen the Spy in its line of sight or see the Spy being attacked.
• Bots will use the voice command, "Thanks!" after being healed by an Engineer's Dispenser or by a Medic.
• Bots will periodically check for Spies by turning around
• RCBots have a "Belief" system, that dictates whether or not they think a player or bot is a Spy, and if they will either attack, or stare at them to prevent a backstab

RCBot Bugs

• Due to the nature of the waypointing system, bot paths aren't as unpredictable as TFBots, and RCbots will often times end up running into another bot, leaving both of them stuck until either bot is killed.
  • Similarly, Spy bots may end up bumping into a player and not moving, due to how waypointing works. They can only navigate to the set point and are on a fixed track.
• Engineer bots have a harder time placing down a Dispenser, and will do so of their own free will.
• Demoman bots know if you are standing on one of their stickybomb traps, and will detonate them even if they can't see you.
• Engineers might place their Sentry Gun facing the wrong direction.
• If RCbots get knocked off to a location where there are no nearby waypoints, they will not move. The roof area of Nucleus is one example.
• Bots will also say "Thanks!" when picking up a health kit.
• Bots lose move speed after swimming.
• Bots can't predict target's moves when shooting projectiles.

Puppet bots

Puppet bots have no AI code and cannot move or act on their own. These bots can be used like puppets though: players can manipulate them to follow the player's commands such as following the player around and firing their weapons. Puppet bots are mainly used for testing purposes and can also create stunning visuals if manipulated accordingly, as seen here.

Puppet bot commands

Not all of the following commands work; some working commands are also omitted.

These commands may or may not work for AI bots as well.

Note: entering the command without any values will display the command's current setting and a brief description.

Command	Description
bot	This command will create a bot on the given team with the specified class and name. If team or name is omitted, they will be assigned randomly. Syntax bot -team <teamname/number> -class <classname> -name <botname> -count <number> Parameters -count number Amount of bots to add. -team teamname/number Specifies the team name or number to assign the bot. Where name/number can be RED or 1, BLU or 0 -class classname The classname of the class can be Demoman, Engineer, Heavy, Medic, Pyro, Scout, Soldier, Sniper, or Spy -name botname botname can be anything. If there is already someone with the same name, an incremental number (starting at 1) surrounded with parenthesis will be added to the beginning of the name. For example, joe, (1)joe, (2)joe, etc. If no name is given then the name will be "bot" followed by a number starting with 01; for example, the first bot will be bot01, the next bot02, and so on. Example bot -team red -class Engineer -name joe
bot_changeclass	Force all bots to change to the specified class. Does not seem to be implemented, nothing happens.
bot_changeteams	Make all bots change teams. This forces all the bots to switch teams. If a bot was on the RED team then it will now be on the BLU team and vice versa.
bot_command	Sends specified command on behalf of specified bot. Syntax bot_command <botname/all> <console command> botname is the name or id of the bot to send the command to. console command can be any of the ones listed in Scripting#Console Commands, as well as some in Cheats. Example 1 bot_command bot01 "voicemenu 0 0" Example 2 bot_command bot01 "taunt" The slot commands (slot1, slot2, etc.) do not work with bot_command, however with bot_forcefireweapon, all bots in that class can be made to switch to a weapon and start firing, then made to stop. Only the entire group of bots in that class can be made to do so, however.
bot_defend	Set to a team number, and that team will all keep their combat shields raised. For instance, Heavies will spin their miniguns. Not implemented at present.
bot_dontmove	Bots are allowed or prevented from moving. When set to 1 the bots cannot move but they can still turn and jump. Note with a combination of this command and bot_mimic bots can be moved to certain areas and left there. Syntax bot_dontmove <0/1> Bot is allowed to move, or not. Example bot_dontmove 1
bot_flipout	When on, this command will make the bots fire the current weapon selected. Default is to use primary_fire, but if bot_forceattack2 is set to 1 then secondary fire is used. Not implemented at present. Syntax bot_flipout <0/1> On when set to 1. Off when set to 0. Example bot_flipout 1
bot_forceattack	This will make all the bots automatically fire whatever weapon they currently have selected. If bot_forceattack2 is set to 0, then the bots will execute primary_fire. If bot_forceattack2 is set to 1, then the bots will execute secondary_fire. Note this does nothing if bot_mimic is active (set to 1). Syntax bot_forceattack <0/1> Bot will not fire if set to 0 and fire repeatedly if set to 1. Example bot_forceattack 1
bot_forceattack2	This will make all the bots execute secondary_fire on whatever weapon they currently have selected when bot_forceattack is set to 1. Syntax bot_forceattack2 <0/1> Bot will use its weapon's secondary_fire when set to 1, primary_fire when set to 0 Example bot_forceattack2 1
bot_forceattackon	When firing, do not tap fire, hold it down. When this command is set to 0, the bot acts like it is continuously tapping the fire button (useful for the Pistol, but not for the Heavy's Minigun). If this command is set to 1, the bots acts as if it is holding down the fire button (useful for the Heavy's Minigun). Does not seem to be implemented, console returns "Unknown command". Syntax bot_forceattackon <0/1> On when set to 1. Off when set to 0. Example bot_forceattackon 1
bot_forceattack_down	When firing, don't tap fire, hold it down. If this is set to 0 then the bot will act like they are continuously tapping the fire button (useful for the Stickybomb Launcher). If this is set to 1 then the bot will act as if it is holding down the fire button (useful for the Minigun). Syntax bot_forceattack_down <0/1> On when set to 1, off when set to 0 Example bot_forceattack_down 1
bot_forcefireweapon	Forces all bots who have the specified weapon to switch to and fire it. If a bot does not have this weapon, nothing happens to it (unless it is firing a different weapon, in which it stops) Syntax bot_forcefireweapon <weapon filename> filename is usually tf_weapon_ <weapon name>. Examples bot_forcefireweapon tf_weapon_fists makes all Heavy bots switch to and repeatedly attack with their Fists, and all other bots stop attacking. bot_forcefireweapon tf_weapon_shotgun_pyro makes all Pyro bots switch to and repeatedly fire their Shotguns, and all other bots stop attacking. To make all bots stop attacking, simply specify a non-existent weapon filename. Anything without tf_weapon in it isn't a TF2 weapon, so the bots won't shoot it, for example bot_forcefireweapon ,,
bot_kill	Kills the specified bot. Syntax bot_kill <bot name> Makes the specified bot commit suicide. Example bot_kill bot01
bot_mirror	Specified bots mirror the player's loadout (class, cosmetics, and weapons). There are a few bugs; for example, if a Demoman player has the Booties and any shield equipped, a mirrored bot will still use the Grenade Launcher and Stickybomb Launcher despite showing the Booties and shield on his model. After a mirrored bot dies, it will not retain the previous loadout, and bot_mirror must be used again. Syntax bot_mirror <botname> Where botname is the name of the bot to mirror. Example bot_mirror bot91
bot_mimic	Bot uses usercmd of player by index. The bot will execute all keystrokes issued by a player, mimicking movements, turns, jumps, fire, etc. It should be noted that bots will not mimic Medic calls, weapon switches, or taunts. Note this overrides bot_forceattack but does not override bot_dontmove. Syntax bot_mimic <0/1> On when set to 1, off when set to 0 Example bot_mimic 1
bot_mimic_inverse	Inverts the movement of the bots; moving left makes the bots move right, moving forwards makes the bots move backwards, etc. The direction which the bot is looking is not affected. Syntax bot_mimic_inverse <0/1> On when set to 1, off when set to 0 Example bot_mimic_inverse 1
bot_mimic_yaw_offset	Offsets the bots' yaw. The bots will face in a direction this angle from the player. By default this is set to 180 so that all bots will face the player. Setting this to 0 will face the bots in the same direction as the player. Syntax bot_mimic_yaw_offset <0-360> Set the direction by specifying angle in degrees Example bot_mimic_yaw_offset 180
bot_randomnames	Syntax bot_randomnames <0/1> On when set to 1, off when set to 0 Example bot_randomnames 1
bot_refill	Refills all bots' ammo (including metal for Engineers) and health counts. Syntax: bot_refill
bot_saveme	This makes all the bots call for a Medic, equivalent to issuing bot_command <botname> "voicemenu 0 0" to every bot. Syntax: bot_saveme <0/1> On when set to 1, off when set to 0
bot_selectweaponslot	This makes the specified bot select the weapon in the specified weapon slot. 0 = primary; 1 = secondary; 2 = melee; 3 = special Syntax bot_selectweaponslot <n> <botname> Set n to weapon slot that bots should switch to. Example bot_selectweaponslot 2 bot12
bot_teleport	Teleports a specified bot to a given coordinate. Map coordinates of where you are standing can be found by typing Status in the console. Syntax bot_teleport <botname> <X> <Y> <Z> <Pitch> <Yaw> <Roll> Where botname is the bot name or id to teleport. X Y Z are the map coordinates. Pitch Yaw Roll is the direction the bot should face. Example bot_teleport bot01 -4815 1385 -447 0 0 0
bot_whack	Delivers lethal damage from player to specified bot. This basically kills the bot with the currently selected weapon, probably used for testing during development. It is worth noting that you can only use bot_whack to kill a teammate if mp_friendlyfire is set to 1, otherwise attempting to whack a teammate will not do anything. Syntax bot_whack <botname> Where botname is the name of the bot to "whack". Example bot_whack bot109

Update history

December 17, 2009 Patch (WAR! Update)

• Added work-in-progress Bots for beta testing in KOTH maps.

January 6, 2010 Patch

• Various improvements to combat behaviors.
• In KOTH mode, Bots are now:
  • More likely to roam around and hunt enemies if there is lots of time left.
  • Become more likely to push for the point as time runs down, or their teammates start to capture it.
• Medic bots now:
  • Opportunistically "overheal" nearby friends when they can.
  • Prioritize healing of injured nearby friends more.
  • Don't focus on Heavies quite so exclusively.
  • Don't spam their Medi Gun continuously at round start.
  • Won't choose cover far below their heal target so much (koth_nucleus).
  • Fight back with their Syringe Gun appropriately.
• General bot improvements:
  • They no longer stand still on the point when capturing or defending it.
  • They choose more varied routes now.
  • They choose better defensive spots around captured points.
  • They fall back to another weapon when they entirely run out of ammo.
  • They adjust their FOV when using zoomed in Sniper scope.
  • They treat in-range Sentry Guns as the most dangerous threat.
  • They fire their weapons in more realistic bursts.
  • Engineers use their Shotgun properly.
• Added a "virtual mousepad" concept to rework how bots track enemy players.
  • They now periodically estimate the position and velocity of the enemy they are tracking, instead of "locking on".
  • Addresses the "180 spin around and fire", "Heavy bot is OP", "Sniper bot is OP", and "I can't fight a Heavy bot as a Scout" issues.
• Tuned Sniper spot finding algorithm to generate more diverse locations, partially .addressing the "Predictable Sniper camping spots" issue.
• Soldier bots are more careful to not fire rockets that will explode on nearby geometry and kill them.
• Fixed a bug where bots tried to heal from a Dispenser being carried by an Engineer.
• Tuned scoreboard logic to guard against malicious server operators spoofing bot pings to hide the "BOT" tag.
• Added more bot names as suggested by the TF community.

April 28, 2010 Patch

• Bots don't retreat to gather health as readily if they are in combat.
• Bots no longer retreat when moving to block a point capture.
• Bots should now equip an appropriate combat weapon and fight while moving to collect health.
• Bots who are roaming the map and hunting now chase down their victims, following them around corners.
• Bots that fire projectiles (ie: rockets/grenades/etc) don't hold down their fire button for a minimum time. This was causing Soldier bots to fire rockets into nearby walls as they strafed, killing themselves.
• Soldier bots now switch to their Shotgun after firing all four rockets when engaging an enemy.
• Added a few more bot names from community suggestions.
• Fixed a behavior loop with Engineer metal gathering.

June 10, 2010 Patch (Mac Update)

• Added Offline Practice mode, with support for KOTH maps and Dustbowl.
• [Undocumented] Looking at a bot player for a few seconds now causes it to taunt.

June 11, 2010 Patch

• Fixed a case where servers could get stuck in an infinite loop while spawning bots.
• Fixed a level change crash related to Bot navigation meshes.

June 14, 2010 Patch

• Fixed server crash related to bots and health kits.

June 16, 2010 Patch

• Medic bots now respond when nearby humans call for Medic.
• If a Medic bot is healing you and has an ÜberCharge ready, using the voice commands "Go go go!" or "Activate Charge!" will force the Bot to activate the ÜberCharge.

July 19, 2010 Patch

• Improved performance of bot computations that are done when a point is captured, a round starts, or a checkpoint reached.
• Fixed Engineer bots infinite build-destroy behavior loop regression.
• Fixed Medic bots losing their charge if they touch a resupply cabinet.
• Fixed a crash due to having multiple types of bot systems running in-game simultaneously.
• Fixed bot behavior issue resulting in bot pile-ups near level 3 Teleporter entrances.
• Bots no longer consider sapped Sentry Guns a dangerous threat.
• Bots will not try to navigate through enemy spawn rooms (unless they have won the round).
• Engineer bots will avoid building Teleporters on steep slopes which could hinder teammate movement.
• Added tf_bot_pyro_always_reflect cvar. Set to 1 to make Pyro bots always reflect projectiles, regardless of difficulty level.

April 14, 2011 Patch (Hatless Update)

• Added Spy TFBots. Spy bots have basic cloaking, diguising, sapping, and backstabbing behaviors now, and are ready to join the fight
• TFBots understand the basics of the Payload scenario now, and will push the cart on offense, and try to stop the cart on defense
• Added navigation meshes for pl_goldrush, pl_badwater, pl_upward, pl_thundermountain, and pl_hoodoo_final
• Improved TFBot reactions to cloaked and/or disguised enemy Spies
• Improved Demoman bot behaviors for planting sticky bomb traps
• Demoman bots will now try to move to a safe spot and lob stickybombs onto enemy sentry nests to destroy them
• Soldier bots switch to their Shotgun after emptying their Rocket Launcher at close/medium range
• TFBots will no longer hide from sapped or carried sentryguns
• Engineer bots are better at moving their Sentry Gun nest as the scenario changes
• Improved Sniper bot algorithm for finding good sniping spots for both Capture Point and Payload scenarios
• Sniper bots will take opportunistic shots at targets while they move to their desired sniping spot
• Fixed bug where Sniper bots would sometimes stand around in their spawn room doing nothing.
• Improved TFBot ability to find a safe vantage spot to attack enemy Sentry Guns
• TFBots will no longer try to use a teleporter entrance they can't actually reach
• Added tf_bot_melee_only cvar. If set to 1, all TFBots will be restricted to only using their melee weapon

April 18, 2011 Patch

• Fixed a server crash that could occur if TFBots were used across map changes

May 5, 2011 Patch (Replay Update)

• [Undocumented] Bots now properly target the Horseless Headless Horsemann as an enemy.

July 22, 2011 Patch

• [Undocumented] Bots now work on CTF maps.

July 26, 2011 Patch

• Fixed a rare crash bug with the Demoman TFBot laying stickybomb traps

August 23, 2011 Patch

• Fixed crash with Demoman bots trying to detonate stickybombs that had already been destroyed
• Added tf_bot_kill console command (syntax identical to tf_bot_kick)
• Bots obey melee only mode a bit better
• Added func_nav_avoid to allow map creators control over where bots "like" to go
• Fixed issue with Demoman bot reloading between each stickybomb he fired, causing him to be very slow at setting traps/destroying Sentry Guns
• Bots never taunt if carrying the flag now
• Aiming logic for Huntsman Sniper bots
• Sniper bots prioritize enemy Snipers more aggressively, as well as enemy Engineers now
• Improved Demoman bot Sentry Gun sticky bombing
• Bots will no longer try to use health entities assigned to the enemy team
• Added simplistic behaviors for Chargin' Targe, and various consumables (Bonk drink, Sandvich, etc)
• Medic bots stay a bit closer to their patient now
• Sniper bots go after very nearby enemies with their melee weapon now
• Added func_tfbot_hint entity to allow map creators to tell Sniper bots good places to lurk
• Sniper bots opportunistically fire on viable targets they encounter while on the way to their desired lurking spot
• Spy bots are more aggressive about backstabbing an Engineer before sapping his nest now

September 6, 2011 Patch

• Fixed a server crash related to bots

October 13, 2011 Patch (Manniversary Update & Sale)

• TFBots have a percentage chance of noticing weapon fire based on their difficulty level. Easy bots are fairly oblivious, and Expert bots notice pretty much everything.
• TFBots now treat certain weapon attacks as "quiet" (Spy knife, cloaking/uncloaking, some melee weapons, fists, etc). "Quiet" weapons can only be heard by TFBots when nearby, and their chance of being noticed is halved if the environment is "noisy" (ie., lots of non-quiet gunfire going on in the area). This greatly improves Spies ability to backstab TFBots without the entire team immediately turning on them.
• Spy bot improvements:
  • Spy bots are much better about circling around and backstabbing their victims now
  • Improved Spy bot target selection in some situations (ie: clusters of Sentry Guns and enemy players)
  • Spy bots will give up on an attack and retreat if an enemy Sentry Gun aims at them
  • Spy bots now avoid nearby enemies while disguised and/or cloaked so they don't bump into them and give themselves away
  • Spy bots now have a simple notion of when their “cover is blown" now
  • Spy bots lead their target's position as they chase them down for a backstab now
  • Spy bots don't go after victims until setup time has elapsed
  • Hard and Expert Spy bots avoid looking at their prey until they get close and go for the stab
  • Easy Spy bots don't avoid enemies, or try to get behind before stabbing
  • Normal Spy bots don't avoid enemies
  • Fixed bug where Spy bots would jump against the enemy spawn gates during setup time
• Medic bot improvements:
  • Medic bots stick much closer to running patients now
  • Medic bots stick much closer to their patient if they have an Ubercharge ready, or are deploying their Uber
  • Medic bots hide from Sentryguns now, too
• Pyro bot improvements:
  • Pyro bots are less "pushy" with their compression blast, but will use it against ÜberCharges and to get enemies off of a capture point
• [Undocumented] Added new bot names.

January 26, 2012 Patch

• Changed the way bot counts are displayed in the server browser: the bot column is now next to the player column and always visible. Bot count is no longer subtracted from maxplayers.

February 9, 2012 Patch

• Heavy bot improvements:
  • Fixed the Heavy bots not spawning in the commentary maps.

March 1, 2012 Patch

• Improved bot behaviors

August 23, 2012 Patch

• The tf_bot_add command can now create a bot with a custom name and can create a bot that isn't managed by the value of tf_bot_quota by adding the custom name and "noquota" arguments respectively

September 4, 2012 Patch

• Fixed bots not displaying in the server browser properly
• Blocked bots from being blasted into the tank tunnel in Mvm_Coaltown
• Blocked bots from being blasted into the tank tunnel in Mvm_Mannworks
• Fixed an issue in the Server Browser where replay bots would add to the player count in MvM.
• Added safeguards to prevent bots from getting stuck in certain cases in MvM.

September 27, 2012 Patch

• Fixed the tf_bot_add command using the same name for all of the bots when adding multiple bots simultaneously

November 16, 2012 Patch

• Fixed a dedicated server performance issue related to bots

August 27, 2013 Patch

• Bots can now reflect energy-based projectiles
• Improved bot pathing behavior around ramps

November 22, 2013 Patch

• Fixed bots trying to attack an old Sentry Gun location after the gun has been picked up by the Engineer

September 27, 2016 Patch

• Bots will now fill in for players who have abandoned, or temporarily disconnected from Competitive matches

November 1, 2017 Patch

• Fixed bots constantly respawning during Training mode
• Fixed bots constantly respawning when tf_bot_force_class is set
• Fixed a case where bots would constantly respawn if tf_bot_spawn_use_preset_roster was disabled
• Added tf_bot_reevaluate_class_in_spawnroom convar to allow servers to disable bot reselecting their class while in spawn rooms