Damage

“

Pain is weakness leaving the body! Click to listen — The Soldier

”

Damage is any event that reduces the health of a player or entity. Damage can come from a variety of sources, such as bullets, explosions, fire, falling from a great height, bleeding, certain taunts, or various environmental hazards (such as being struck by a train, drowning in water, or being sliced by a saw blade).

Weapon damage

Damage dealt by weapons is calculated with the following formula:

(Base Damage) × (Splash Modifier) × (Resistance/Vulnerability Modifiers) × (Distance Modifier)

Damage dealt by critical hits uses the following formula instead:

(Base Damage) × (Splash Modifier) × ((Base Type Resistance/Vulnerability Modifiers) + (Positive Distance-Modifier + 2) × (Critical Resistance/Vulnerability Modifiers))

Damage dealt by mini-crits uses the following formula instead:

(Base Damage) × (Splash Modifier) × ((Base Type Resistance/Vulnerability Modifiers) + (Positive Distance-Modifier + 0.35) × (Critical Resistance/Vulnerability Modifiers))

Base damage

A weapon's base damage is a fixed value used as a starting point for damage calculations.

Certain weapons can have situational changes to their base damage:

• The Equalizer's base damage increases linearly as the wielder's current health decreases.
• The Pyro's various Flame Throwers (excluding the Dragon's Fury) deal 50% of base damage initially, reaching full damage after the same enemy has been attacked for 0.9 seconds.
• The Axtinguisher's base damage increases when striking a target suffering from afterburn. The magnitude of the damage increase depends on the afterburn's remaining duration.
• If a Demoman is wielding the Eyelander, the damage of the shield bash performed by the Chargin' Targe, Splendid Screen, and Tide Turner increases by 10% (up to a maximum of a 50% increase).
• The Quickiebomb Launcher's stickybombs have increased base damage depending on how much a shot is charged.
• The Heavy's various Miniguns deal 50% of base damage initially, reaching full damage after they have been spun up for 1 second or more.
• The Widowmaker's base damage is increased by 10% against targets that are currently being targeted by the wielder's Sentry Gun.
• The Crusader's Crossbow's base damage increases the further a shot travels. (This is not just an inversion of the distance modifier, as this damage increase also applies to critical hits, which typically do the same damage regardless of distance.)
• The Sniper's various Sniper Rifles (as well as the Huntsman) have increased base damage depending on how much a shot is charged.
• The Shahanshah's base damage changes depending on if the wielder is above or below 50% of their maximum health.
• The Enforcer's base damage increases by 20% while the wielder is disguised.
• The Atomizer, Cow Mangler 5000, Righteous Bison, Homewrecker, Neon Annihilator, Loch-n-Load, and Pomson 6000 all have different base damage values depending on if they're attacking a player or a building.

Splash modifier

The splash modifier is a number used for explosive weapons that do not connect directly with the target. Typically, an explosion will deal its full damage at its center and half as much damage at the edge of the explosion's radius.

For the sake of consistency, weapons that explode when they hit a player directly will ignore any falloff from splash damage when calculating damage to the struck player.

Resistance/vulnerability modifiers

A player may have resistance or vulnerability to damage due to certain items. Most sources of damage resistance only apply to a certain "type" of damage. The following is a list of all damage types used in the game:

• Bullet damage is typically associated with hitscan weapons, though the damage caused by most projectiles (such as syringes and arrows) also counts.
• Explosive damage is typically associated with explosive projectiles.
• Fire damage is typically associated with both fire-based weapons and the afterburn they usually cause.
• Melee damage is typically associated with melee weapons, as well as certain projectiles.
• Critical damage is caused by critical hits and mini-crits. Critical hits play distinctive sound effects and players killed by critical damage produce louder kill screams.
• Bleed damage is caused by the bleeding status effect.
• Fall damage is caused by hitting the ground at high speeds, as well as by the Mantreads and Thermal Thruster when landing on opponents.
• Crush damage is caused by a player being sandwiched between two objects (such as between a closing door and the ground). Being killed by crush damage causes the screen to flash red.
• Drowning damage is caused by a player being underwater for too long, resulting in damage over time and choking sound effects until the player either surfaces or dies.

Some weapons can deal more than one damage type at once; for instance, the Cow Mangler 5000's charged shot deals both explosive damage (from the explosion itself) and fire damage (from the afterburn it inflicts).

Multiple sources of damage resistance stack multiplicatively; for example, a Soldier with the Pain Train (10% bullet damage vulnerability) and an active Battalion's Backup (50% resistance to damage inflicted by Sentry Guns) has an overall damage resistance of 45% against bullets fired by a Sentry Gun, as opposed to the 40% that would result from the percentages simply being added together.

Most explosive weapons deal less damage to the user than to enemies, depending on the situation. See the individual weapon pages for more information.

List of weapons with damage vulnerability and resistance
Scout	Secondary			While under the effects, immune to all damage.
		Bonk! Atomic Punch
	Melee			+25% explosive damage vulnerability on wearer.
		Candy Cane
				+25% fire damage resistance when active.
		Sun-on-a-Stick
Soldier	Secondary			While under the effects, +35% damage resistance, +50% Sentry Gun damage resistance, and immunity to critical hits to the Soldier and nearby teammates.
		Battalion's Backup
	Melee			+10% bullet damage vulnerability on wearer.
		Pain Train
Pyro	Primary			While 'Mmmph' taunting, immune to all damage.
		Phlogistinator
	Secondary			+50% explosion self-damage vulnerability on wearer.
		Detonator
	Melee			+20% damage vulnerability when active.
		Powerjack
Demoman	Secondary			+50% fire damage resistance on wearer.   +30% explosive damage resistance on wearer.
		Chargin' Targe
				+20% fire damage resistance on wearer.   +20% explosive damage resistance on wearer.
		Splendid Screen
				+15% fire damage resistance on wearer.   +15% explosive damage resistance on wearer.
		Tide Turner
	Melee			+10% bullet damage vulnerability on wearer.
		Pain Train
				+15% damage vulnerability when active.
		Claidheamh Mòr
Heavy	Primary			+20% damage resistance when below 50% health and spun up.
		Natascha
				+20% damage resistance when below 50% health and spun up.
		Brass Beast
	Secondary			While under the effects, +20% damage vulnerability.
		Buffalo Steak Sandvich
	Melee			+30% damage vulnerability when active.
		Warrior's Spirit
				+40% damage resistance from ranged sources while active.   +100% damage vulnerability from melee sources while active.
		Fists of Steel
Engineer	Melee			+20% fire damage vulnerability on wearer.
		Southern Hospitality
Medic	Secondary			While healing, +10% resistance to the selected damage type to the Medic and his patient.   ÜberCharge provides +75% resistance and full crit resistance to the selected damage type to the Medic and his patient.
		Vaccinator
Sniper	Secondary			+50% fire damage resistance on wearer.   Grants full immunity to the effects of afterburn.
		Darwin's Danger Shield
	Melee			20% damage vulnerability when active.
		Bushwacka
Spy	Melee			On hit by fire, immune to fire damage for 1 second and immune to afterburn for 10 seconds.
		Spy-cicle
	PDA 2			While cloaked, +20% damage resistance.
		Invis Watch	Enthusiast's Timepiece
		Quäckenbirdt	Cloak and Dagger
				When being damaged (activating Dead Ringer), blocks 75% of incoming damage and gives afterburn immunity for 3 seconds.   After Dead Ringer has been activated, +65% damage resistance on wearer which fades to 20% in 3 seconds.
		Dead Ringer

Distance modifier

How damage is affected by distance.

The distance modifier is a number between 1.5 and 0.5 that sinusoidally decreases as the distance between the attacker and the target increases. At a range of 512 hammer units, the distance modifier is 1, so weapons will do 100% of their base damage. At a range of 0 hammer units, weapons will deal 150% of their base damage, while at a distance of 1024 hammer units or further, weapons will deal only 50% of their base damage.

Weapons that fire projectiles, such as the Rocket Launcher, calculate the distance modifier based on the distance between the attacker and the target at the moment the projectile hits a target. This means that the point from which the projectile was fired is irrelevant when considering damage dealt by that projectile; only the final position of the attacker and the target matter. Similarly, the rockets fired by a level 3 Sentry Gun calculates the distance modifier based on the distance between the Sentry Gun's owner (not the Sentry Gun itself) and the target.

The distance modifier is altered for Rocket Launchers, Stickybomb Launchers (when detonated within 5 seconds), Syringe Guns, the Righteous Bison, the Dragon's Fury, and the Pomson 6000. When the distance used in the formula is less than 512 hammer units, the damage ramp is flattened (shown by the maroon offshoot in the graph). As a result, at a distance of 0 hammer units, Rocket Launchers will deal only 125% of their base damage, and Stickybomb Launchers, Syringe Guns, the Righteous Bison, the Dragon's Fury, and the Pomson 6000 will do only 120% of their base damage. Conversely, the distance modifier for the Scout's primary weapons (excluding the Shortstop) is steepened at distances less than 512 hammer units; at a distance of 0 hammer units, these weapons will deal 175% of their base damage. These weapons still use the normal ramp at distances greater than 512 hammer units, and subsequently still have the same long-range damage reduction as other weapons.

Melee weapons, Flare Guns, Grenade Launchers (excluding the Loose Cannon), stickybombs launched more than 5 seconds ago, Sniper Rifles, the Huntsman, and the Flying Guillotine always have a distance modifier of 1, regardless of the actual distance to the target. Subsequently, these weapons will always deal the same amount of damage, regardless of distance to the target. The Crusader's Crossbow also has the same fixed distance modifier, but its actual base damage (not the distance modifier) also scales inversely with distance to target, resulting in it doing more damage as distance increases.

Flamethrowers ignore the regular distance modifier calculations entirely, and instead use their own separately calculated modifier based on projectile lifetime.

All weapons use a distance modifier of 1 for attacks against buildings; as a result, buildings always take the same damage from attacks, regardless of the distance between the building and the attacker.

On servers with the server cvar "tf_damage_disablespread" set to 1, the distance modifier for each attack is randomly adjusted by ±102.4 hammer units (shown in the graph around 512 units, as an example). This results in a 15% variance in damage, including with weapons that are normally unaffected by distance (such as melee weapons).

On servers with the server cvar "tf_damage_disablespread" set to 0 (the default value used on official servers), the effective distance used for damage calculation is the distance that is 102.4 hammer units less than the farthest possible random distance. This means that being farther than 921.6 units away is treated as being 921.6 units away; the normal maximum distance is 1024, and 102.4 less than that is 921.6 units.

Critical hits

Main article: Critical hit

Critical hits and mini-crits have two effects each.

A critical hit deals 3 times the base damage, while a mini-crit deals 1.35 times the damage following falloff compensation.

Both critical hits and mini-crits check to see if the final distance is greater than 512 units: if it is, then any damage lost is offset by an equal increase in damage. The end result is that the weapon does not lose damage due to the distance modifier when the player is more than 512 units away; if the attack were not a crit or mini-crit, the damage would continue to decrease out to 1024 units.

The extra damage added on by critical hits and mini-crits - including that from ramp-up or offsetting falloff - is of the "critical" type instead of the weapon's standard type (e.g. bullet or explosive). This affects the calculation of damage resistances.

Note: A backstab deals 2 times the victim's current health, but, under normal conditions, it also always crits, increasing the damage to 6 times the victim's current health.

While active, the Battalion's Backup protects team members from critical hits and mini-crits, treating them as normal damage instead. The Vaccinator's protective shield blocks 100% of critical damage from attacks of the selected type.

Update history

December 17, 2010 Patch (Australian Christmas)

• [Undocumented] Melee weapons no longer deal bullet damage.

February 14, 2011 Patch

• [Undocumented] Melee weapons no longer count as bullet weapons when accounting for damage vulnerabilities.

July 2, 2015 Patch #1 (Gun Mettle Update)

• Random damage spread is off by default (convar tf_damage_disablespread). Existing users will still use their currently set value.

See also

• Fall damage
• Weapons
• Fire
• Explosion
• Bleeding
• Environmental Death